Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye collectively have substantial military resources, with around 1.4 million active military personnel, 3,415 military aircraft, 6,046 tanks and 344 naval assets, according to figures attributed to the Global Firepower Index. The combined figures highlight the scale of the defence capabilities of the three countries and come amid closer defence cooperation between Islamabad, Riyadh and Ankara.
Pakistan contributes around 660,000 active military personnel to the combined strength and also has nuclear capabilities. Türkiye brings significant expertise in areas including unmanned aerial systems, missiles, sensors and electronic warfare, while Saudi Arabia contributes considerable financial resources to its defence sector. The different capabilities of the three countries give their cooperation a broad strategic dimension, spanning personnel, military technology, equipment and defence investment.
Saudi Arabia’s annual defence spending is estimated at around $63.9 billion, while the combined annual defence expenditure of the three countries is estimated at approximately $124.4 billion. These figures underline the considerable resources available to the three partners and their growing strategic importance. The reported defence cooperation could further strengthen coordination and the exchange of expertise, although the individual capabilities and contributions of each country remain distinct.
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