US forces are set to complete their withdrawal from Iraq by September 30, marking the end of a military presence that began with the 2003 invasion and continued for more than two decades.
Around 4,500 American troops were killed during the Iraq war, making it one of the most costly U.S. military campaigns of the 21st century.
The withdrawal follows a 2024 agreement between Washington and Baghdad, reached during Joe Biden’s administration and now being implemented under President Donald Trump.
While most U.S. troops had already left bases across Iraq, the remaining forces maintained a presence largely in the northern Kurdish region. Responsibility for counterterrorism operations is now shifting increasingly to Iraqi security forces and the Kurdish Peshmerga.
Iran and Iran-aligned Iraqi groups have described the U.S. departure as a major victory, while analysts say the move could increase Tehran’s influence over Iraq’s political and security landscape.
At the same time, Iraqi and Kurdish security officials have raised concerns about potential gaps in intelligence, logistics, surveillance and air support following the withdrawal.
Kurdish commander Sirwan Barzani has warned that reduced U.S. intelligence, logistical assistance and drone capabilities could provide an opportunity for Islamic State, also known as Daesh, to regroup.
Iraqi security officials have also reported concerns about sleeper cells and possible attempts by the group to exploit the transition.
The withdrawal therefore marks a significant change in Iraq’s security landscape, with Baghdad expected to take greater responsibility for maintaining security while navigating competing regional influences and the continuing threat from armed groups.
